Scientists in Britain are designing a machine that could help to produce
rain in areas where it is needed.
The plan involves forcing seawater through nozzles so that it becomes a fine
spray, which can then gradually form into clouds.

The research is being carried out at Edinburgh University by Professor
Stephen Salter, who designed a way of producing electricity from waves 30
years ago with a system of floats known as "Salter's duck".

His rainmaking idea has just been awarded a government development grant
worth over £100,000.


Fine spray

The project is based around a wind-powered machine which looks rather like a
giant lollipop.

The stick is a large, hollow tube which stands upright on a platform on the
sea, with its base just below the water.

Two hollow blades stick out from the sides of the tube. As the wind spins
these blades around, they power the turbine, which sucks up seawater by
centrifugal force - no pumps, valves or pistons are needed.

Professor Salter told the BBC: "We are trying to break through the layer of
rather stagnant, humid air that's at the very, very bottom of the
atmosphere, in contact with the sea surface, and lift large volumes of water
through this and squirt them out from 10 metres up in the air as a very fine
spray, with a very big surface area."


Technical hurdles

Professor Salter says that, ideally, his rainmaking machines would be
positioned about 10 to 20 kilometres off a mountainous coastline - like the
Red Sea or the Persian Gulf.

They would then need an onshore wind to blow the moisture-filled air towards
land, and let the mountains lift it further into the sky to form clouds.

His team is now using computers to track the movement of air in different
parts of the world, working out where to test the rainmaker, when it has
been built.

There are still technical problems to sort out, including controlling the
size of the water droplets, and how to make sure that the salty residue
falls back into the sea.

People have been trying for many years to modify the weather, from tribal
rain dances through to experiments in which small crystals were dropped into
clouds to attract moisture.

There has been some success with this method, but the regular use of
"seeding" to influence weather patterns still remains a long way off.